منابع مشابه
A bacterial actin unites to divide bacterial cells.
Once thought to exist only in eukaryotic cells, the highly conserved bacterial cytoskeleton is now known to function analogously to its eukaryotic counterparts, particularly in cell shape and division. For instance, the actin-like MreB protein and its homologs are important to maintain cell shape in many rod-shaped bacteria, probably by organizing how peptidoglycan is synthesized. FtsZ, a tubul...
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To generate two cells from one, bacteria such as Escherichia coli use a complex of membrane-embedded proteins called the divisome that synthesize the division septum. The initial stage of cytokinesis requires a tubulin homolog, FtsZ, which forms polymers that treadmill around the cell circumference. The attachment of these polymers to the cytoplasmic membrane requires an actin homolog, FtsA, wh...
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The digital divide is nothing else than the reflection of the social divide in the digital world. The use of ICT for human development does offer opportunities to reduce the social divide for individual beings or communities; yet there exists a series of obstacles to overcome. The very existence of an infrastructure for connectivity is only the first obstacle, although it often receives an excl...
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We analyze a simple sequential algorithm (SA) for allocating indivisible items that are strictly ranked by n ≥ 2 players. It yields at least one Pareto-optimal allocation which, when n = 2, is envy-free unless no envy-free allocation exists. However, an SA allocation may not be maximin or Borda maximin—maximize the minimum rank, or the Borda score, of the items received by a player. Although SA...
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Optimization of systems with many connicting constraints arises in numerous settings. Common optimization procedures seek to improve performance of the system as a whole. We show that partitioning a system into subsystems each of which sellshly optimizes, can lead to enhanced performance as a collective property. Optimally partitioned systems often lie near a transition from convergent to non-c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 2002
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/419027a